As a node on the migration route, Hong Kong is a city that is truly diverse. Geographically, it is located on the southern coast of China, and on the east side of the Pearl River estuary. Hong Kong is an important international port at the centre of the interconnecting network of East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Oceania. It carries massive movements of populations of and beyond these regions, from which many have come to stay. Historically, Hong Kong experienced the Imperial China, colonized by the United Kingdom, occupied by Japan, and is now a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. This complex trajectory has nurtured Hong Kong into a unique mixture of convergence and divergence with cultures from various corners of the world. It is now home to people of different ethnic, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds.
According to the latest statistics released by the Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong (2021), the city has a total population of around 7.413 million. Among them, around 91.6% are ethnically Chinese, and about 8.4% are of non-Chinese ethnicities. Of the latter are mainly Filipinos, Indians, Indonesians, Nepalese, Pakistanis, and Thais. According to the latest statistics, there are around 201,291 Filipinos residing in Hong Kong, which is the largest ethnic group in the city except Chinese. In terms of other ethnicities, South Asians make up 1.4% of the population, including Indians, Nepalese, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, and Sri Lankans.
According to the Hong Kong 2021 by-census, 88.2% of the population claimed that they usually spoke Cantonese in their daily life. English and Putonghua are both the second most spoken languages among the population. Besides, some Chinese dialects are also spoken in Hong Kong. As stated in the by-census, the three most spoken Chinese dialects in Hong Kong were Hakka, Fukien, and Chiu Chau. Hong Kong residents who are ethnically non-Chinese mainly speak their mother tongues, including Nepali, Filipino, Urdu, Hindi, and Thai.
Hong Kong is one of the most disaster-prone cities in Asia. These include storms, floods, wildfires, and others. Particularly, the tropical cyclones in west Pacific Ocean haunt Hong Kong for about seven months from May to November every year. Typhoon Mangkhut in 2018 was the strongest that the city had experienced in the recent 20 years. It caused severe damage to Hong Kong, including at least 82 casualties, 138 injured and two missing, according to the report of the Hong Kong Observatory.
Hong Kong also experienced two major epidemics, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic in 2020. The SARS epidemic caused 299 deaths with a fatality rate of 17%. The Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 has reminded Hong Kong people of the painful memories of SARS. As of 27 February 2023, 1,660,515 cases have been tested positive by Rapid Antigen Tests (RATs) in Hong Kong.